Where you establish tax residency can dramatically affect how much tax you pay. Many expats don’t fully understand how European countries define tax residency, leading to unexpected liabilities.
What is Tax Residency?
Tax residency is your legal status for tax purposes. Each country has different criteria for determining who must pay tax on worldwide income.
Common European Tests
- Physical Presence Test – Spending more than 183 days in a country makes you a resident.
- Permanent Home Test – Owning or renting a house implies residency.
- Centre of Vital Interests Test – Your family, job, and social connections indicate your tax residence.
Why This Matters
Establishing tax residency in the wrong country can mean paying tax on worldwide income. Conversely, establishing it in a tax-efficient country like Portugal can unlock special regimes like NHR.
Comparing Tax Residency Across Europe
Portugal uses the 183-day test primarily, plus home ownership. Spain is similar. France weighs home ownership more heavily. Germany focuses on where your family lives.
Planning your move to take advantage of tax residency rules is smart financial planning.
We help expats establish optimal tax residency positions across Europe. Get in touch today to discuss your situation.
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